01 to 0 1 ml of serum specimen per tube, diluted to 1 ml with med

01 to 0.1 ml of serum specimen per tube, diluted to 1 ml with medium, and incubated selleck products for 2 h at 28°C. After one wash, 3 ml MEM was added and the cells were cultivated for approximately

15 days at 28°C (passage number 1). Cells were observed every day and when a cytopathic effect was Selleckchem Pritelivir apparent from syncytium formation and cellular lysis, the cells were harvested and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min. The pellet was suspended in 0.6 ml of MEM and stored in aliquots of 0.15 ml at -70°C. The supernatant (approximately 2.5 ml) was stored in 2 aliquots of 1 ml and one of 0.5 ml at -70°C. To obtain passages number two and three, C6/36 cells were incubated with 1 ml of the supernatant obtained from the first or second passage for 2 h at 28°C and the same procedure described above was followed. Serotypes and recombination studies in all samples were determined in the isolates MEX_OAX_14946_06, MEX_OAX_1020_06, MEX_OAX_739_05, MEX_OAX_1733_05, MEX_OAX_1038_05 and MEX_OAX_1656_05 obtained from the third culture-passage. All isolates were obtained by the Health Department

from patients with DF, except for the isolate MEX_OAX_14946_06 obtained from a patient with DHF [47]. RNA extraction Total RNA was extracted from cell culture supernatant using Trizol® LS (Gibco BRL., Gaithersburg, Md.) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Ethanol-precipitated RNA Doramapimod was recovered by centrifugation and air-dried. The RNA pellet was suspended in 50 μl water treated with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC, Sigma-Aldrich) and used as template for Reverse Transcription with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain

reaction (RT-PCR) All assays were performed with the ThermoScript™ RT-PCR System containing Platinum Taq Hi-Fi (Invitrogen, Life Technologies). A mixture of 5 μl of total RNA (0.1-0.5 μg), 50 ng of hexamers/reaction, and DEPC-treated water (in a total volume of 50 μl) was incubated at 65°C for 5 min and chilled on ice. The first extension was carried out at 25°C for 10 min and then at 50°C for 90 min. PCR reaction was carried out by incubation of 20 μM of corresponding sense and antisense PCR primers, 2 μl of the cDNA synthesis Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) reaction and 2.4 mM magnesium sulfate as per manufacture’s recommendations. Synthetic oligonucleotide primer pairs were designed based on pairwise of different sequences of DENV-2; to amplify and sequence the partial open reading frame genome region C-prM-E-NS1 from nucleotide 91 (C91) to 2400 (NS12400): C(+) CAATATGCTGAAACGCGHG and NS1(-) GTTCTGTCCANGTRTGNAC, and for E gene: primers EPP-F (+) GAATGACAATGCGTTGC and EPP-R (-) TCAGCTCACAACGCAACC. Cloning The RT-PCR product of the partial genome (C91-prM-E-NS12400) was restricted with Kpn1 and ligated in the pGEM®-3Z vector (Promega) following previous protocols [48].

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