which signals unsynapsed chromosomes at pachytene and may lead to

which signals unsynapsed chromosomes at pachytene and may lead to their silencing.”
“Predicting the peak growth velocity in an individual Tubastatin A research buy patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is essential or determining the prognosis of the disorder and timing of the (surgical) treatment. Until the present time, no accurate method has been found to predict the

timing and magnitude of the pubertal growth spurt in the individual child. A mathematical model was developed in which the partial individual growth velocity curve was linked to the generic growth velocity curve. The generic curve was shifted and stretched or shrunk, both along the age axis and the height velocity axis. The individual age and magnitude of the PGV were obtained from the new predicted complete growth velocity curve. Predictions were made using 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5 years of the available longitudinal data of the individual child, starting at different ages. The predicted values of 210 boys and 162 girls were compared to the child’s own original values of the PGV. The individual differences were compared to differences obtained when using the generic growth velocity curve as a standard. Using 2 years of data as input for the model,

all predictions of the age of the PGV in boys and girls were significantly better in comparison to using the generic values. Using only 0.5 years of data as input, the predictions with a starting age from 13 to 15.5 years in boys and from 9.5 to 14.5 years in girls were significantly better. Similar results were found for the predictions of the magnitude of the PGV. This model showed highly accurate results RAD001 chemical structure in predicting the individual age and magnitude of the selleck chemicals llc PGV, which can be used in the treatment of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.”
“The investigation of conformation conversions of cis- and trans-isomers of 2,4-dimethyl-5-isopropyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane using ab initio quantum-chemical approximation HF/6-31G(d) and the hybrid DFT-method PBE/3z showed that the routes of the transformations presuppose an equilibrium between sofa conformers

with the different orientation of substituents at the atoms C-4 and C-5 of the ring that convert into each other through transition states corresponding to the equatorial and axial conformations of the 2,5-twist form. Based on experimental data of H-1 NMR spectra and calculated vicinal spin-spin coupling constants the quantitative conformational composition of cis- and trans-isomers was established and also the Delta G(o) value of the conformation equilibrium was determined.”
“Background: There have only been a few reports regarding the outcomes and risk factors after CEA. To clarify the factors associated with outcome in patients with carotid stenosis who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA), we investigated cardiovascular events and mortality in the Kyushu Medical Center in Japan.

038), had improved comfort at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 mo

038), had improved comfort at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after PICC placement (p < 0.001), and had lower costs for PICC maintenance at 2 months, 3 months and when the catheter was removed (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Using B-mode ultrasound with MST for PICC placement reduced complications and patients’ costs for PICC maintenance and improved patients’ degree of comfort; thus, this procedure should be more widely used. The clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-12002749.

(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Simulation modelling is increasingly used to inform decision-making on screening, including colorectal cancer screening strategies. The strength of simulation is its ability to handle complexity and to selleck identify the implications of uncertainty in a formal, documented, reproducible and consistent way. Important specific uncertainties concerning colorectal cancer screening are the dwell time of adenomas and the associated sensitivity of the various tests. Concerning these issues, for distal colorectal neoplasia, knowledge has been

greatly increased by the recent availability of the once only sigmoidoscopy randomised trial results. Other uncertainties concern the quality of life effects of screening, diagnostic and surveillance colonoscopies, and the true LBH589 research buy total costs of the various screening modalities in a routine high throughput efficient setting. A limitation of simulation of screening is that complexity leads to lack of insight and understanding into the models used, and therefore a lack of sound criticism, acceptance and use amongst decision makers. Modellers are currently focussing on ways to make models

and the implications of assumptions more transparent. Thus it is important to further develop the quality and acceptability of simulation, especially that for colorectal cancer screening. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The low frequency hysteresis loops of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with uniaxial anisotropy learn more are calculated as a function of the particle diameter, alternating magnetic field amplitude H(0), frequency, and particle magnetic parameters both for oriented and nonoriented assemblies. The magnetic field frequency is assumed so high, f > 50-100 kHz, that the mechanical rotation of a particle in surrounding medium is restricted. Thus, only the Neel-Brown magnetization relaxation process is taken into account. Pronounced dependence of the specific loss power on the particle diameter is found in the linear regime pertaining to small magnetic field amplitudes. For an oriented assembly of Co nanoparticles with optimal diameter D approximate to 6 nm the specific power loss can be as high as 1600 W/g for typical values H(0)=200 Oe and f=500 kHz. It is three times less for the corresponding nonoriented assembly. Nevertheless, using of particles with low anisotropy field, i.e.

The aim of this study was to determine whether oral bisphosphonat

The aim of this study was to determine whether oral bisphosphonate usage affects the osteoinductivity of demineralized bone matrix from donors.

Methods: Sex-matched and age-matched FRAX597 pairs of samples were provided by four tissue banks (three or four pairs per bank). Demineralized bone matrix donors without bisphosphonate treatment had a mean age (and standard deviation) of 69.1 +/- 2.5 years, and donors with bisphosphonate treatment had a mean age of 68.9 +/- 2.0 years. Each pair included one donor known to have taken bisphosphonates and one who had not taken bisphosphonates. Demineralized bone matrix previously confirmed as osteoinductive was the positive

control, and heat-inactivated demineralized bone matrix was the negative control. Demineralized bone matrix incubated With 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline solution containing 0, 0.002, 2.0, or 2000 ng/mL of alendronate was also tested. Gelatin capsules containing 15 mg of demineralized bone matrix were implanted bilaterally in the gastrocnemius muscle of male nude mice (eight implants per group).

The mice were killed thirty-five days after implantation, and hind limbs were recovered and processed for histological analysis. Osteoinductivity was measured with use of a qualitative score and by histomorphometry.

Results: Nine of fifteen samples from donors who had had bisphosphonate treatment and ten of fifteen samples from patients who had not had bisphosphonate treatment were osteoinductive. R428 supplier Qualitative mean scores were comparable (1.7 +/- 0.4 for those without bisphosphonates and 1.9 +/- 0.7 for those with bisphosphonates). Osteoinductive demineralized bone matrix samples produced ossicles of comparable size, regardless of bisphosphonate usage. Histomorphometric measurements of the area of new bone formation and residual demineralized bone matrix were also comparable. The addition of alendronate to control demineralized bone matrix did not affect its osteoinductivity.

Conclusions: Demineralized bone matrix samples from donors treated with bisphosphonates and donors not treated with bisphosphonates have the same ability to induce

bone formation. However, it is not known if the quality of the new bone is affected, with subsequent consequences affecting bone remodeling.”
“We report a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White https://www.sellecn.cn/products/PF-2341066.html syndrome who presented with two distinct tachycardias that represented atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia utilizing left lateral accessory pathway (AP) and idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT). Two tachycardias with a complete separate mechanism occurred spontaneously as well as following atrial or ventricular pacing. Successful ablation of the left AP and ILVT resulted in a cure of the double tachycardia.

(PACE 2009; 32:265-268).”
“Corifollitropin alpha is a highly effective gonadotrophin, which maintains multifollicular growth for a week.

Acute medullary infarction and left vertebral artery stenosis wer

Acute medullary infarction and left vertebral artery stenosis were detected. VZV infection was finally identified. Zoster sine herpetic interferes with accurate diagnosis of infectious stroke, and vertebral artery involvement is unusual in ischemic stroke in this situation. An unexplained course of ischemic stroke event should be C188-9 suspected in patients with VZV cerebrovasculopathy, especially in those without conventional stroke risk factors and those exhibiting concomitant infectious

complications.”
“Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of tracheal replacement by silicone-stented allogenic aortas. In clinical trials, however, this graft did not show mature cartilage regeneration into the grafts as was observed in animal models. To solve

this issue, we investigated tracheal replacement with a composite graft based on a fascial flap-wrapped allogenic aorta with external cartilage-ring support in a rabbit model.

Seven male ‘Geant des Flandres’ and ‘New Zealand’ rabbits served as donors of aortas and cartilage rings, respectively. Nineteen female ‘New Zealand’ rabbits were used as recipients. First, in nine animals, neoangiogenesis of the composite graft following a wrap using a pedicled lateral thoracic fascial flap and implantation under the skin of the chest wall was investigated. Animal sacrifice was scheduled at regular intervals up to 38 days. Second, 10 animals underwent tracheal replacement with the composite graft after a 7-to-9 day revascularization period, and were followed-up to death. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations SRT1720 were used to study the morphology, stiffness and viability of the construct.

There was one operative death after tracheal replacement. The first group of animals was found to have a satisfactory tubular morphology and stiffness of their construct associated with preserved histological structure of cartilages and moderate to severe aortic Selleck Pictilisib ischaemic lesions. In the group of rabbits having undergone

tracheal replacement, the anatomical results were characterized by a discrepancy between the severity of ischaemic lesions involving both allogenic aorta and cartilage rings and the satisfactory biomechanical characteristics of the graft in 7 of 10 animals, probably due to cartilage calcification deposits associated with inflammatory scar tissue ensuring the stiffness of the construct.

Our investigations demonstrate the feasibility of the replacement of circumferential tracheal defects using our composite graft. Future experiments using therapeutic bronchoscopy tools are required to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of this tracheal substitute in the long-term.”
“The explosion of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and other omics data is challenging the research community to develop rational models for their organization and interpretation to generate novel biological knowledge.

Overall estimated cumulative treatment failure rates at 6, 12 and

Overall estimated cumulative treatment failure rates at 6, 12 and 24 months were 50%, 65% and 72% respectively. Median follow-up in patients continuing adalimumab is 23 months (IQR 17-31 months). Treatment failure was unrelated to patient INCB028050 nmr age, gender, disease extent, smoking status or CRP. Colectomy free survival was 59% at 2 years. No patient experienced a major adverse event.

Conclusion: Adalimumab shows some efficacy as a maintenance strategy in Ulcerative Colitis, but only a limited proportion of patients remain well on continued treatment at 2 years. (C) 2012 European

Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction and objectives. The coexistence of heart and dental disease is common and antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel following a percutaneous intervention can interfere with dental practice. Our aim was to study dentists’ knowledge of percutaneous coronary interventions and their approach to affected patients.

Methods. A questionnaire Histone Methyltransf inhibitor was used to evaluate the knowledge of 100 randomly selected dentists in Spain about coronary stents, antiplatelet therapy, and guidelines prepared

by American medical societies, including the American Dental Association, and to determine how frequently they consulted a cardiologist.

Results. Data were collected from 100 dentists. Of these, 17 had no knowledge of coronary stents, but only one did not interrupt dual therapy: 12 consulted a cardiologist and the remaining four discontinued therapy themselves. Of

the 83 who knew about stents, only 28 (34%) understood the difference between bare metal and drug-eluting stents. The drug clopidogrel’s name was known by 21%, while 60% recognized one of the drug’s commercial names and 45% recognized the other. Of the 83 aware of stents, 48 (58%) knew of the possibility of stent thrombosis, but only three knew about possible mortality. Cardiologists were consulted before dental procedures in 83% of cases. Only 36% knew about the existence of the guidelines.

Conclusions. Although Spanish dentists’ knowledge of coronary interventions was limited, in the majority of cases a cardiologist was consulted before a patient taking dual antiplatelet therapy was treated. Only a small percentage of those questioned knew of the existence of American medical society guidelines.”
“Insulin Akt inhibitor signaling depends on tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) to mediate downstream effects; however, elevated serine phosphorylation of IRS impairs insulin signaling. Here, we investigated IRS protein expression patterns in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice and whether their signaling was affected by diabetes. Both IRS1 and IRS2 are expressed in DRG; however, IRS2 appears to be the prevalent isoform and is expressed by many DRG neuronal subtypes. Phosphorylation of Ser(731)IRS2 was significantly elevated in DRG neurons from type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice.

Bone loss can occur in one bone or spread to soft tissue and adja

Bone loss can occur in one bone or spread to soft tissue and adjacent bones. Although the disease may strike any of the bones of the body, it is more often recognized earlier when the calvarium and/or the mandible are involved. Because of its rarity, the disorder often goes unrecognized, and lack of agreement on how best to treat Gorham-Stout GANT61 datasheet syndrome can delay the provision of treatment. We report the case of a 58-year-old man whose left body and ramus of mandible had disappeared as a result of massive osteolysis. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: e41-e48)”
“The phase morphology

developing in immiscible poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) blends was studied with an in situ reactively generated SAN-g-EPDM compatibilizer through the introduction of BEZ235 research buy a suitably chosen polymer additive (maleic anhydride) and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butyl peroxy) hexane (Luperox) and dicumyl peroxide as initiators during melt blending. Special attention was paid to the experimental conditions required for changing the droplet morphology for the dispersed phase. Two different mixing sequences (simple and two-step) were used. The product of two-step blending was a major phase surrounded by rubber particles; these rubber particles contained the occluded matrix phase.

Depending on the mixing sequence, this particular phase morphology could be forced or could occur spontaneously. The composition was stabilized by the formation of the SAN-g-EPDM copolymer between the elastomer and addition polymer, which was characterized with Fourier transform infrared. As for the two initiators, the blends with Luperox showed better mechanical Bindarit in vitro properties. Scanning electron microscopy studies

revealed good compatibility for the SAN/EPDM blends produced by two-step blending with this initiator. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis studies showed that the two-step-prepared blend with Luperox had the best compatibility. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 1417-1425, 2011″
“Structural, magnetic, and electronic transport properties of Bi0.6-xLaxCa0.4MnO3 (0 <= x <= 0.6) manganites have been studied systematically. The parent compound exhibits robust charge ordered antiferrromagnetic (COAFM) phase with T-CO similar to 293 K and AFM Neel temperature T-N similar to 149 K. The sample with x = 0.1 show a M (T) curve of “”arch bridge”" form between 142 and 253 K, which is attributed to the AFM peak embedded in the broad transition of the CO. For the middle doping samples (0.2 <= x <= 0.4), although the CO peaks disappear as a result of the suppression of the long range CO state, AFM superexchange coupling has been strengthened with the increasing of La doping level. The Bi0.1La0.5Ca0.4MnO3 sample shows interesting phenomena such as magnetization steps and magnetic memory effect.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC; 5%, 6%, and 7% w/w) and Carb

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC; 5%, 6%, and 7% w/w) and Carbopol 934 (1% w/w) hydrogels containing DFS-CS microspheres equivalent to 1% w/w active drug were prepared. The physicochemical characterization revealed that all hydrogels had a suitable pH for rectal application (6.5-7.4). The consistency of HPMC hydrogels showed direct proportionality Go6983 to the concentration of the gelling agent, while carbopol 934 gel showed its difficulty for rectal administration. Farrow’s constant for all hydrogels were greater than one indicating pseudoplastic flow. In vitro drug release from the mucoadhesive hydrogel formulations showed a controlled drug release

pattern, reaching 34.6-39.7% after 6 h. The kinetic analysis of the release

data revealed that zero-order was the prominent release mechanism. The mucoadhesion time of 7% w/w HPMC hydrogel was 330 min, allowing the loaded microspheres to be attached to the surface of rectal mucosa. Histopathological examination demonstrated the lowest irritant response to the hydrogel loaded with DFS-CS microspheres in response to other forms of the drug.”
“Photosensitization of singlet oxygen generation in porous silicon (PSi) was investigated by simultaneous measurements of the photoluminescence (PL) of silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) and the infrared emission of the (1)Delta-state of oxygen molecules at 1270 nm (0.98 eV) at room temperature. Photodegradation of the nc-Si PL properties was found to correlate with the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation. The quantum efficiency of singlet oxygen generation in PSi was

CP-673451 Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor estimated to be about 1%, while the lifetime of singlet oxygen was about fifteen ms. The kinetics of nc-Si PL intensity under cw excitation undergoes a power law dependence with the exponent dependent on the photon energy of luminescence. The experimental results are explained with a model of photodegradation controlled by the diffusion of singlet oxygen molecules in a disordered structure of porous silicon. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3586044]“
“The injection-molded specimens of neat HDPE and the PET/HDPE blends were prepared by conventional injection molding (CIM) and by pressure vibration injection GSK2879552 inhibitor molding (PVIM), respectively. The effect of oscillation pressure and PET phase with different shapes on superstructure and its crystal orientation distribution of injection molded samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and two-dimension wide-angle X-ray diffraction techniques (2D-WAXD). Hermans’ orientation functions were determined from the wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns. With the PET particles added, the shear viscosity of blend increase and crystallization rate of HDPE phase is enhanced.

All rights reserved “
“A 24-year-old woman having two childr

All rights reserved.”
“A 24-year-old woman having two children using an intrauterine contraceptive device was admitted with lower abdominal pain and fever. On clinical and radiographic examination revealed a 7 x 6 cm multi-loculated cystic mass in the lower abdomen. The differential diagnosis included twisted ovarian cyst, ectopic pregnancy, tubercular tubo-ovarian (TO) mass red degeneration fibroid, diverticular diseases, emphysematous cystitis, pelvic

malignancy, and mesenteric cyst. On histologic examination, an actinomycotic TO abscess was found with sulfur granules.”
“Study Design. Current concepts review.

Objective. GSI-IX purchase Outline the basic principles in the evaluation and treatment of adult spinal deformity patients with a focus on goals to achieve during surgical realignment surgery.

Summary of Background Data. Proper global alignment of the spine is critical in maintaining standing posture and balance in an efficient and pain-free manner. Outcomes data demonstrate the clinical effect of spinopelvic malalignment and form a basis for realignment strategies.

Methods. Correlation between certain radiographic parameters and patient self-reported pain and disability has been established. SHP099 cost Using normative values for several important spinopelvic parameters

(including sagittal vertical axis, pelvic tilt, and lumbar lordosis), spinopelvic NSC105823 radiographic realignment objectives were identified as a tool for clinical application. Because of the complex relationship between the spine and the pelvis in maintaining posture and the wide range of “”normal”" values for the associated parameters, a focus on global alignment, with proportionality

of individual parameters to each other, was pursued to provide clinical relevance to planning realignment for deformity across a range of clinical cases.

Conclusion. Good clinical outcome requires achieving proper spinopelvic alignment in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. Although variations in pelvic morphology exist, a framework has been established to determine ideal values for regional and global parameter in an individualized patient approach. When planning realignment surgery for adult spinal deformity, restoring low sagittal vertical axis and pelvic tilt values are critical goals, and should be combined with proportional lumbar lordosis to pelvic incidence.”
“BACKGROUND: The peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and the Heart Failure Survival Sc ore (HFSS) risk stratify patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) referred for heart transplantation. However, these tools were developed before widespread use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The prognostic accuracy of these tools in patients with ICD and/or CRT is unknown.

Mean age was 14 years (range 10-17) The etiology was mainly cere

Mean age was 14 years (range 10-17). The etiology was mainly cerebral palsy. The average pre-operative Cobb angle was 73 degrees +/- 16 degrees. Patients were divided into three groups according to the pre-operative presence of: physiological kyphosis (mean 29 degrees +/- 8 degrees), thoracic lordosis (mean 10 degrees +/- 6 degrees) and hyperkyphosis (51 degrees +/- 8 degrees). A posterior access was performed in all patients using thoracic UC associated

with transpedicular lumbar screws and a conventional claw at the upper extremity of the construct.

Results The average percentage of coronal correction was 72%. In all three groups, we observed a common trend toward maintaining or restoring the physiological values. Mean follow-up time was 36 months. SB-715992 manufacturer At the 1-year follow-up, the mean loss of correction was 7 degrees +/- 2 degrees in the coronal plane and 2 degrees +/- 1 degrees in the sagittal plane with no other change thereafter.

Conclusions The hybrid construct www.selleckchem.com/products/apo866-fk866.html using UC appears effective in neurological scoliosis treatment, providing a good correction of the deformity in both coronal and sagittal planes. In the present series, physiological thoracic kyphosis has been restored in all patients, providing better sitting tolerance in wheelchair-bound patients, and

retaining standing and walking abilities in ambulatory patients.”
“Purpose We examined the effects of dexamethasone, droperidol, naloxone, and a combination of these three agents on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in female patients.

Methods In this randomized, controlled study, 120 female patients with ASA PS I or II undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery were randomly allocated into four groups. Patients received dexamethasone 8 mg (Dx group) or droperidol

1 mg (Dr group) before induction of general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and remifentanil. Postoperative analgesia was provided by intravenous patient-controlled analgesia using MLN0128 solubility dmso a disposable infusion pump filled with fentanyl 20 mu g/kg alone (Dx group), fentanyl 20 mu g/kg with droperidol 2 mg (Dr group), fentanyl 20 mu g/kg with naloxone 0.1 mg (Nx group), or fentanyl 20 mu g/kg with droperidol 2 mg and naloxone 0.1 mg (Cm group) in a total volume of 80 ml, with a constant infusion rate of 4 ml/h and a bolus dose 2 ml with a 30-min lockout time.

Results The number of patients who developed PONV and required a rescue antiemetic was significantly less in the Cm group than in the Nx group (p < 0.001 for all). The incidence of PONV was 43, 43, 70, and 17 % in the Dx, Dr, Nx, and Cm groups, respectively.

Conclusion A combination of naloxone, droperidol, and dexamethasone was effective for preventing PONV in patients receiving fentanyl for postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic gynecological surgery, although further investigations are required to examine the effect of adding naloxone to other antiemetics.

99 mm, the Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 for ALs from 21 00 to 21 49 mm

99 mm, the Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 for ALs from 21.00 to 21.49 mm, and the SRK/T for ALs of 27.00 mm or longer. Using optimized constants, refractive outcomes of 40%, 75%,

and 95% within +/- 0.25 diopter (D), +/- 0.50 D, and +/- 1.00 D, respectively, were achievable. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosure is found in the footnotes.”
“To prepare various types of multilayers, polyelectrolytes poly(acrylic acid), poly(allylamine hydrochloride), and poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) were prepared and deposited onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics produced in the melt-blowing process. Each type of external layer deposited was dyed for identification. Utilizing the layer-by-layer method to deposit polyelectrolyte layers considerably LY294002 cell line strengthens the thermal resistance of the modified fabric (the difference in T-50% is over 40 degrees C). The selleck compound effect is connected with the type and number of layers. Thermal effects were also observed in both dynamic and isothermal analyses under air atmosphere. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 1340-1347, 2012″
“Objectives:

Dosage of methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is an important factor influencing retention in methadone treatment. MMT clients in China received lower dosages of methadone compared with those provided in other countries. The objective of this study is to elucidate the reason for the low methadone dosage prescribed in MMT clinics in China.

Methods: Twenty-eight service providers were recruited from the MMT clinics in Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provinces, China. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted to ascertain the procedure for prescribing methadone in the MMT clinics.

Results: The average dosage prescribed in the 28 clinics was 35 mg/person/day. Four major themes resulting in low dosage of methadone were identified: (1) the service providers fear the liability resulting from large closes of methadone in combination with other substances which might result in overdose fatalities, (2) lack of understanding

of harm reduction which resulted in low acceptance of the long term maintenance treatment approach, (3) break-down in communication between clients and service providers about dosage adjustment, and (4) dosage reduction is AZD9291 molecular weight perceived by most service providers as an effective way to treat the side-effects associated with MMT.

Conclusions: The findings of the study highlighted the necessity to formulate clear guidelines concerning individualized dosage management and to improve training among service providers’ in MMT clinics in China. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the corneal power measurements by a dual Scheimpflug analyzer (Galilei) and a corneal topography system (Keratron) for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in unoperated eyes.

SETTING: Private practice.

DESIGN: Case series.