Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002,46(2):443–450.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 48. Torres MJ, Criado A, Gonzalez N, Palomares A 769662 JC, Aznar J: Rifampin and isoniazid resistance associated mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Seville Spain. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002,6(2):160–163.PubMed 49. Tudo G, Rey E, Borrell S, Alcaide F, Codina G, Coll P, Martin-Casabona N, Montemayor M, Moure R, Orcau A, Salvado M, Vicente E, Gonzalez-Martin J: Characterization of mutations in streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates
in the area of Barcelona. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010,65(11):2341–2346.PubMedCrossRef 50. Mbacham FW, Tientcheu LD, Beng Penlap V, Kuaban C, Eyangoh S, Wang H, Bickii J, Netongo PM, Titi Lembe W, Olama A, Njikam N, Teyim P, Khan B: Detection of resistance-associated mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Cameroon using a dot-blot hybridisation technique. Afr J Biotechnol 2011,10(53):11016–11022. 51. Silva PE, Bigi F, Santangelo MP, Romano MI, Martin C, Cataldi A, Ainsa JA: Characterization of P55, a multidrug efflux pump in Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother
2001,45(3):800–804.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 52. Telenti A, Philipp WJ, Sreevatsan S, Bernasconi C, Stockbauer KE, Wieles B, Musser JM, Jacobs WR Jr: The emb SAHA HDAC nmr operon, a gene cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved CYC202 in vivo in resistance to ethambutol. Nat Med 1997,3(5):567–570.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare there are no competing interests. Authors’ contributions EMT and LKS contributed equally, they carried out all the molecular analysis as Ph.D students, participated in field work and drafted the manuscript. JPAA, JCT, ST, GGM, ALTW participated in field work and revised the manuscript. CK participated in the conception, design and supervision of field work. SE supervised
mycobacteria culture and DST. FN is the coordinator and project manager of the CANTAM network. She revised the manuscript. VNPB is the Workpackage Leader of the CANTAM-TB project. She was the overall supervisor and chief designer of the project and critically revised Ixazomib datasheet the manuscript. MF is the Co-Workpackage Leader of CANTAM-TB project and Coordinator of the DAAD PAGEL-Program of the University of Tübingen. He designed and supervised the molecular analysis and critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript before submission.”
“Background In the 1680s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used homemade microscopes to provide the first description of faecal bacteria. Faecal specimens contain one of the densest microbial communities known, they have been shown to contain similar microbial community than the colon [1] and do not require an invasive collection protocol.