Both groups showed 100% specificity

compared with amyloid P immunohistochemical staining. The results show that CRF is a sensitive method to analyze trephine bone marrow biopsy specimens for amyloid deposits.”
“We investigated the effect of pH on macrophage apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL), as human atherosclerotic lesions have regions of low pH. Hydroperoxide-rich and oxysterol-rich LDL caused 38% and 74% apoptosis of J774 macrophages, respectively, at 24 h, as measured by the externalization of phosphatidylserine. Native LDL, however, did not cause apoptosis. Reducing the pH of the culture medium from 7.4 to 7.0 inhibited apoptosis induced by hydroperoxide-rich or oxysterol-rich OxLDL www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2090314.html by 61% and 46%, respectively (P < 0.001). These data were confirmed by semiquantitative analysis of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Decreasing the extracellular pH to 7.0 reduced the uptake of hydroperoxide-rich and oxysterol-rich I-125-labeled LDL by 82% and 42%, respectively, and reduced cell surface binding of oxysterol-rich find more LDL by 31%. This may

explain the reduced apoptosis. Additionally, low pH did not affect OxLDI-induced apoptosis of human monocytes, which do not possess scavenger receptors for OxLDL, but reduced apoptosis of human monocyte-derived macrophages, which do possess them. Our investigations suggest that the presence of areas of low pH within atherosclerotic lesions may reduce the uptake of OxLDL and reduce macrophage apoptosis, thus affecting lesion progression.”
“Blinking, a motor act consisting of a closing and an opening eyelid movement, can be performed voluntarily, spontaneously, and reflexly. In this study we investigated the kinematic features of voluntary, spontaneous, and reflex blinking in

patients with Parkinson’s GSK2118436 chemical structure disease (PD), OFF and ON dopaminergic treatment. Patients were asked to blink voluntarily as fast as possible. Spontaneous blinking was recorded for a minute during which the subjects just relaxed. Reflex blinking was evoked by electrical stimulation on the supraorbital nerve. Eyelid movements were recorded with the SMART analyzer motion system. Patients OFF therapy paused longer than controls during voluntary blinking but not during spontaneous and reflex blinking. The blink rate tended to be lower in patients OFF therapy than in controls and the spontaneous blinking had abnormally low amplitude and peak velocity. Finally, in patients OFF therapy the excitability of the neural circuit mediating the closing phase of the reflex blinking was enhanced. Dopaminergic treatment shortened the pause during voluntary blinking and increased the blink rate. In PD patients the longer pauses between the closing and opening phase in comparison to normal subjects, suggest bradykinesia of voluntary blinking. PD patients also display kinematic abnormalities of spontaneous blinking and changes in the excitability of the closing phase of reflex blinking.