Didymella has been assigned

selleck compound under Mycosphaerellaceae, Pleosporales (Sivanesan 1984), Phaeosphaeriaceae (Barr 1979a; Silva-Hanlin and Hanlin 1999), Venturiaceae (Reddy et al. 1998) or Pleosporales genera incertae sedis (Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2007). Based on a multigene phylogenetic analysis, the Didymella clade forms a familial rank within Pleosporineae, thus the Didymellaceae was introduced (Aveskamp et al. 2010; de Gruyter et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009a; Plate 1). Anamorphs of Didymellaceae include Ascochyta, Ampelomyces, Boeremia, Chaetasbolisia, Dactuliochaeta, Epicoccum, Microsphaeropsis, Peyronellaea, Phoma, Piggotia, Pithoascus, Pithomyces and Stagonosporopsis (Aveskamp et al. 2010; de Gruyter et al. 2009; Hyde et al. 2011). Didymocrea Kowalski, Mycologia 57: 405 (1965). Type species: Didymocrea sadasivanii (T.K.R. Reddy) Kowalski, Mycologia 57: 405 (1965). ≡ Didymosphaeria sadasivanii T.K.R.

Reddy, Mycologia 53: 471 (1962). Didymocrea is a monotypic genus, and was separated from Didymosphaeria based on its “unitunicate asci”, presence of pseudoparaphyses and absence of spermatia, and assigned under Hypocreales (Kowalski 1965). Following Kowalski (1965), Luttrell (1975) also studied the centrum development of Didymocrea, and concluded that it should be a true pleosporalean fungus with functionally unitunicate asci, and retained it in Didymosphaeria. After studying the type specimen of Didymocrea sadasivanii, Aptroot (1995) concluded that it should be closely related to the loculoascomycetous genus Zopfia. Rossman et al. (1999) also kept it as a unique genus in Pleosporales. Based MK0683 supplier on a multigene phylogenetic analysis, D. sadasivanii nests within Montagnulaceae (Kruys et al. 2006;

Schoch et al. 2009). Dothivalsaria Petr., Sydowia 19: 283 (1966) [1965]. Type species: Dothivalsaria megalospora (Auersw.) Petr., Sydowia 19: 283 (1966) [1965]. ≡ Valsaria megalospora Auersw., Leipzig. Bot. Tauschver. 5. (1866). Dothivalsaria is monotypic and is represented by D. megalospora (Petrak 1965). The taxon is characterized by immersed, medium- to large-sized ascomata which usually aggregate under blackened stromatic tissues and have trabeculate pseudoparaphyses. Asci are cylindrical, while ascospores are brown, ellipsoid, and 1-septate Docetaxel and uniseriate in the asci (Barr 1990a). The ascostroma of D. megalospora is comparable with those of Aglaospora profusa as has been mentioned by Barr (1990a), but their relationships are unclear. Epiphegia G.H. Otth, Mitt. naturf. Ges. Bern: 104 (1870). Type species: Epiphegia alni G.H. Otth, Mitt. naturf. Ges. Bern: 104 (1870). Epiphegia was reinstated to accommodate a species which has Phragmoporthe-like ascocarps and Massarina-like asci, pseudoparaphyses and ascospores (Aptroot 1998). Ascomata are grouped within stromatic tissues, pseudoparaphyses are cellular, asci are bitunicate and ascospores are hyaline and trans-septate (Aptroot 1998).