Nevertheless, aside from this study, there is no data available from prospective, learn more double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, on the effects of nucleotide supplementation on the markers of immune response after strenuous exercise in a cold environment. The aim of the present study was to test the impact of a specific nucleotide formulation (Inmunactive®, Bioiberica, Spain) on the immune function of athletes after a heavy exercise bout in cold conditions. Methods Subjects Twenty elite male taekwondo players were recruited at the Centre d’Alt Rendiment (CAR) St. Cugat to participate in this study. selleck products before being accepted to participate in the investigation, each subject performed

a complete medical examination that included a medical history and resting ECG to screen for any medical problem that would contraindicate their participation in see more the study. The subject’s general physical characteristics were: 21.4 ± 6.3 years, 178.1 ± 8.5 cm, 73.86 ± 12.6 kg, 12.53 ± 3.2% percent body fat and

46.59 ± 5.7 ml · kg-1 · min-1 maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki for Research on Human Subjects 1989 and was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Consell Català de l’Esport (Generalitat de Catalunya). Research design Two weeks before the first test, all the subjects performed a cycling maximal incremental test to determine their VO2max. Oxygen consumption Buspirone HCl was measured using a computerized metabolic cart (Master Screen CPX, Erich Jaeger, Wuerzburg, Germany), and the corresponding Watts at 60% (W1) 70% (W2) and 90% (W3) of VO2max were calculated by linear interpolation. For the exercise test, subjects reported to

the CAR laboratory at 8 a.m. after an overnight fast. Dry nude body weight was measured before and after the experiment following the subject had emptied the urinary bladder. The rate of dehydration was calculated by dry nude weight difference before and after testing. A saliva sample and a 8.5 mL blood sample were taken after a 10 min supine rest. Subjects were required to use the same clothes in both exercise sessions. The subjects entered into the climatic chamber, adjusted a cycle ergometer, placed the chest Hr transmitter and skin thermistors and undertook an exhaustion exercise test at work corresponding to W1 for 10 min, W2 for 20 min and W3 until fatigue in a climatic chamber adjusted at -3°C. Heart rate (Hr) was registered at rest and every 5 min during the exercise test using a chest Hr monitor (Polar Electro Inc, Kempele, Finland). Every 10 min a 20 μL blood sample was obtained from the ear lobule to analyze lactate concentration ([La]) (Dr. Lange® Berlin, Germany). Rate of perceived exhaustion (RPE) was recorded every 10 min during the test using the Borg scale [27].