Cuprizone-treated mice show symptoms similar to several neurodegenerative disorders such as severe status
spongiosus. Although it has a simple chemical formula, its neurotoxic mechanism is still unknown. In this work, we examined both physico-chemical properties and biological effects of cuprizone. Our results indicate that cuprizone has very complicated and misunderstood solution chemistry. Moreover, we show here the inability of cuprizone to cross neither the intestinal epithelial barrier nor the neuronal cell membrane, as well its high tolerability by cultured neurons. If added to mice diet, cuprizone does not accumulate in liver or in brain. Therefore, its neurotoxic selleck kinase inhibitor effect is explainable only in terms of its capability to chelate copper, leading to chronic Dasatinib copper deficiency. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial and antiadhesive properties of a biosurfactant isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei A20 against several micro-organisms,
including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi.
Methods and Results:
Antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities were determined using the microdilution method in 96-well culture plates. The biosurfactant showed antimicrobial activity against all the micro-organisms assayed, and for twelve of the eighteen micro-organisms (including the pathogenic Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus agalactiae), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were achieved for biosurfactant concentrations between 25 and 50 mg ml-1. Furthermore, the biosurfactant showed antiadhesive activity against most of the micro-organisms evaluated.
Conclusions:
As far as we know, this is the first compilation of data on antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities MAPK inhibitor of
biosurfactants obtained from lactobacilli against such a broad group of micro-organisms. Although the antiadhesive activity of biosurfactants isolated from lactic acid bacteria has been widely reported, their antimicrobial activity is quite unusual and has been described only in a few strains.
Significance and Impact of the Study:
The results obtained in this study regarding the antimicrobial and antiadhesive properties of this biosurfactant opens future prospects for its use against micro-organisms responsible for diseases and infections in the urinary, vaginal and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as in the skin, making it a suitable alternative to conventional antibiotics.”
“Mefloquine is an effective antimalarial that can cause adverse neurological events including headache, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety and depression.