Infarction volume was attenuated by 27% in mice pre-treated with 2 mg/kg of CG compared to vehicle-treated mice. Delayed treatment with 2 mg/kg of CG also showed 25% reduction in infarct size. Neurological functional outcome was significantly improved in mice pre- or post-treated with CG. Compared to vehicle treated mice CG treated mice had lower levels of brain superoxide. CG also blocked the release of AIF from mitochondria under oxidative stress, but did not inhibit the release of cyt c. Our data show that CG is neuroprotective check details against pMCAO in mice,
and this beneficial effect may be mediated by attenuation of brain superoxide levels after ischemia. CG may also exert its neuroprotective effect by blocking AIF release in mitochondria. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Pritelivir order To our knowledge we present the initial experience with and the short-term outcome of laparo-endoscopic single site anatomical retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy using conventional instruments.
Materials and Methods: Between June 2009 and April 2010, 25 patients underwent laparo-endoscopic single site anatomical retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. A TriPort (TM) Access System
was inserted through a 2.5 to 3.0 cm transverse skin incision below the tip of the 12th rib. Adrenalectomy was done using a 5 mm 30-degree laparoscopic camera and 2 conventional laparoscopic instruments. After Gerota’s fascia was incised we explored the first dissection plane between the perirenal fat and the anterior renal fascia at the superomedial buy BTSA1 side of the kidney. The adrenal gland was identified at the initial stage of the operation.
Results: Laparo-endoscopic single site anatomical retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy was successfully accomplished in 23 patients. An additional 5 mm port was required in 1 of the 2 unsuccessful cases and in the other it was necessary to convert to standard anatomical retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. Median incision
length was 3.0 cm, median operative time was 55 minutes and median estimated blood loss was 15 ml. No major intraoperative complications occurred. In the initial 10 cases median operative time was significantly longer (62 vs 50 minutes) and median blood loss was significantly higher (75 vs 10, each p <0.001) than in the subsequent 15. In 3 cases pheochromocytoma was successfully excised without undesirable hemodynamic oscillation. Postoperative complications developed in 2 patients, including angina and contralateral atelectasis in 1 each.
Conclusions: In properly selected patients laparo-endoscopic single site anatomical retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy with conventional instruments is feasible, safe and effective, causes minimal morbidity and results in excellent cosmesis.