Phylogenetic tree showing the position of 16S rDNA OTU’s recovered from stool sample of S3 individual was constructed using neighbor-joining method based on partial 16S rDNA sequences. The bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 replications) AZD7762 research buy are shown at branch points. The scale bar represents genetic distance (2 substitutions per 100 Bioactive Compound Library purchase nucleotides). GenBank accession numbers are in parentheses. (PDF 2 MB) Additional file 5: Figure S4. Phylogenetic tree showing the position of 16S rDNA OTU’s recovered from stool sample of T1 individual was constructed using neighbor-joining method

based on partial 16S rDNA sequences. The bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 replications) are shown at branch points. The scale bar represents genetic distance (2 substitutions per 100 nucleotides). GenBank accession numbers are in parentheses. (PDF 935 KB) Additional file 6: Figure S5. Phylogenetic tree showing the position of 16S rDNA OTU’s recovered from stool sample of T2 individual was constructed using neighbor-joining method based on partial 16S rDNA sequences. The bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 replications) are shown at branch points. The scale bar represents genetic distance (5 substitutions per 100 nucleotides). GenBank accession numbers are in parentheses.

(PDF 2 MB) Additional file 7: Figure S6. Phylogenetic tree showing the position of 16S rDNA OTU’s recovered from stool sample of T3 individual was constructed using neighbor-joining method based SN-38 in vivo on partial 16S rDNA sequences. The bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 replications) are shown at branch points. The scale bar represents genetic distance (5 substitutions per 100 nucleotides). GenBank accession numbers are in parentheses. (PDF 1 MB) References 1. Vrieze A, Holleman F, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, Hoekstra JBL, Nieuwdorp M: The environment within: how gut microbiota Methamphetamine may influence metabolism and body composition. Diabetologia 2010, 53:606–613.PubMedCrossRef 2. Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, et al.: The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:15718–15723.PubMedCrossRef

3. Hooper LV, Midtvedt T, Gordon JI: How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine. Annu Rev Nutr 2002, 22:283–307.PubMedCrossRef 4. Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, Turnbaugh P, Ramey RR, Bircher JS, Schlegel ML, Tucker TA, Schrenzel MD, Knight R, Gordon JI: Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 2008,320(5883):1647–1651.PubMedCrossRef 5. Neish AS, Denning TL: Advances in understanding the interaction between the gut microbiota and adaptive mucosal immune responses. F1000 Biology Reports 2010, 2:27.PubMed 6. Hopkins MJ, Sharp R, Macfarlane GT: Age and disease related changes in intestinal bacterial populations assessed by cell culture, 16S rRNA abundance, and community cellular fatty acid profiles. Gut 2001, 48:198–205.PubMedCrossRef 7.