Recent reports OSI-027 in vitro reveal that air pollution components reach the brain; systemic effects that impact lung and cardiovascular disease also impinge upon CNS health. While mechanisms driving air pollution-induced CNS pathology are poorly understood, new evidence suggests that microglial activation and changes in the blood-brain barrier are key components. Here
we summarize recent findings detailing the mechanisms through which air pollution reaches the brain and activates the resident innate immune response to become a chronic source of pro-inflammatory factors and ROS, culminating in CNS disease.”
“BACKGROUND: We describe our clinical experience with the use of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography to delineate the locations of the cortical draining veins before dural opening in 3 cases of parasagittal lesions. With this technique, the veins are marked through the dura, and then the dura can be opened precisely to avoid cortical venous injury.
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate in a clinical series the adjunct use of intraoperative ICG angiography to optimize the dural opening for parasagittal lesions.
METHODS: We describe 3 cases of parasagittal lesions, 2 meningiomas, and 1 arteriovenous malformation treated using the described technique.
RESULTS: Once the
dura had been exposed, ICG at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg was injected into the patient’s peripheral vein as a bolus. When the dye reached the illuminated field of interest, ICG fluorescence was induced by the use of a light source with a wave-length ICG Danusertib cost absorption band. Thereafter, the dural cortical veins were marked through
the dura and precisely opened, avoiding cortical venous injury.
CONCLUSION: Indocyanine green video angiography is a safe, fast, inexpensive, and accurate investigation that allows the Tacrolimus (FK506) surgeon to strategically plan and protect important parasagittal dural venous drainage during craniotomy.”
“Rationale Relapse to drug use after periods of forced or self-imposed abstinence is a central problem in the treatment of addiction; therefore, identification of factors modulating the risk to relapse is a relevant goal of preclinical research.
Objectives These experiments evaluated the influence of the amount of drug experienced, the duration of drug withdrawal, and individual liability on the propensity to cocaine-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP).
Materials and methods Mice from the inbred strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J were trained for CPP with a high (20 mg/kg) or low (5 mg/kg) effective dose of cocaine. After CPP testing, all groups underwent extinction. Twenty-four hours after the extinction test, mice were challenged with saline, a cocaine dose unable to induce CPP (2.5 mg/kg) or an intermediate effective dose (10 mg/kg), and tested for CPP reinstatement.