Ten volunteers performed a 2-min MVC of the knee extensors under the control (CON) conditions (ambient temperature (21 degrees C), relative humidity (30%), and air velocity (similar to 0.1 m/s)) as well as after heating (HT) and cooling (CL) of the lower body. During water manipulation
procedure lower body was immersed up to the waist in a water bath at similar find more to 44 degrees C for 45 min for HT experiment, and 15 C for 30 min for CL experiment. Peak torque, torque variability, muscle voluntary activation and half-relaxation time were assessed during the exercise. HT increased muscle (2.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C) and rectal (1.9 + 0.1 degrees C) temperatures while CL lowered muscle (2.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C) temperature, but did not affect rectal temperature. During 2-min MVC, peak torque decreased www.selleckchem.com/products/erastin.html (P < 0.05; SP > 90%) and to a lower level in HT compared to CON and CL experiments (52.6 +/- 2.3% versus 69.0 +/- 2.3% and 65.6 +/- 1.9% MVC, respectively, P < 0.05; SP > 90%). Torque variability increased significantly during exercise and was significantly larger in HT and lower in CL compared to CON experiment.
Voluntary activation of exercising muscle was more depressed in HT (i.e. greater central fatigue) and the smallest effect was found in CL compared to CON. In conclusion increased core and muscle temperature impairs voluntary activation and increases force variability of the exercising muscles while a local muscle cooling decrease force variability but has a small effect on central fatigue. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: En bloc resection of spinal and sacral chordomas may convey
a survival benefit. However, these procedures often are complex and require the surgeon to plan a procedure that results in negative tumor margins, protects vital neurovascular structures, and concludes with a viable biomechanical reconstruction.
OBJECTIVE: We present a case of a 3-level en bloc lumbar spondylectomy and reconstruction.
METHODS: A case of a 45-year-old woman with biopsy-proven exophytic L4 chordoma is presented. The patient underwent successful L3-L5 en bloc spondylectomy and reconstruction over 3 stages.
RESULTS: The patient did well following the procedure, and was neurologically intact at 6-week follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Three-level en bloc Dapagliflozin spondylectomy with lumbopelvic reconstruction is a challenging yet feasible procedure.”
“The zooplankton community was studied in four Mediterranean reservoirs to assess the relative importance of environmental factors as determinants of zooplankton dynamic in the four seasons. The water temperature and hydrology variations affect the distribution of zooplankton. A positive correlation was established between the total zooplankton and the water temperature (r=0.9, n=9, p < 0.05). Fourteen zooplankton species were identified. Seasonal changes in the density (ANOVA, F=3.7, d.f=36, p < 0.01) and the biomass of total zooplankton (ANOVA, F=4.4, d.