The highest content of aginoside, 2.9 mg/g dw, was detected in the root. The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of aginoside was evaluated for the first time against phytopathogens. This compound showed significant (P < 0.05) antifungal activity depending on the concentration. (C) 2013 Phytochemical
Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Empiric use of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics could delay tuberculosis (TB) treatment and lead to FQ-resistant TB.
METHODS: We examined the impact of FQ use on TB outcomes, including smear BAY 73-4506 datasheet status, treatment delay and FQ resistance, through a retrospective cohort study of 440 FQ-exposed and 511 non-exposed patients in a gold mining community in South Africa. We considered both recent (<= 100 days before sputum collection) and distant exposure (<= 1 year). We examined 201 and 180 isolates from FQ-exposed and non-exposed individuals for the presence of gyrA mutations.
RESULTS: Patients recently exposed to >= 5 days of FQ were less likely to be smear-positive (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.11-0.63),
with an increased time to treatment (time ratio 2.02, 95%CI 1.19-3.44). The strength of association decreased when we considered distant exposure. Adjusting for smear status nullified the effect of MLN2238 ic50 FQ exposure on treatment delay. We detected a gyrA mutation in one isolate (0.5%) taken from an individual exposed to FQ for 8 days.
CONCLUSION: FQ exposure is associated with treatment delay, mediated by negative smear status. Short exposures to FQ do not routinely lead to resistance encoded by gyrA mutations. We recommend prudent use of FQ in settings with a high burden of human immunodeficiency virus and AZD9291 research buy TB.”
“SETTING: Better integration of treatment support for people living with tuberculosis
(TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a challenge in many settings, and has been identified as a service priority.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact, compared to directly observed therapy, of a TB treatment intervention modelled on the community antiretroviral treatment (ART) support programme in South Africa.
DESIGN: An interrupted time-series design was used, including five intervention clinics and five comparison clinics. Data were collected from January 2005 to March 2008 and analysed using Poisson regression.
RESULTS: Between April 2007 and March 2008, a total of 71% of all new TB patients starting treatment at the intervention clinics were placed on the intervention. There were no significant differences in cure or treatment success rates for new TB patients between intervention and comparison clinics. There was a small improvement in smear conversion rates in intervention clinics when compared to comparison clinics.