65(Ca0.75Sr0.25)0.35MnO3 (PCSMO) thin films were fabricated into patterns by EBL with width comparable to the length scale of EPS (~1 μm), where spontaneous resistance jumps along with the local Joule heating-induced EVP4593 step-like negative differential resistance were clearly observed [76]. Recently, LCMO microbridges with different widths were also fabricated by EBL method, where the MIT temperature was found to be decreased as reducing the bridge width, and the MIT even disappeared over the measured temperature range for the bridge

with a width of 500 nm [76]. The underlying mechanism for this phenomenon is the confined geometry, which is dominated by the filamentary conduction mechanism. The magnetoresistance of the bridge also shows interesting behavior for enhanced e-e interactions in the presence

of spin disorder; it can decrease and even change its sign in the bridges with widths of 1.5 and 1.0 μm under magnetic field of 1 T. The obvious size effects in the manganite microbridge nanopatterns are invaluable for further understanding the EPS phenomenon and its role in CMR effect. Figure 7 Transport properties of ultrathin LCMO film before and after application of nanodots [[75]]. (a) Resistivity behavior for 20-nm ultrathin film of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 showing insulating behavior and no clear metal-insulator transition. (b) Resistivity data of the same film after applying PRI-724 datasheet Fe nanodots to surface showing a recovery to bulk-like behavior with an MIT temperature of 255 K at 0 T (note PtdIns(3,4)P2 change in scale). (c) Ferromagnetic Fe nanodots drive a huge change in the film’s resistivity compared to the diamagnetic Cu nanodots. Insets: AFM images

of typical nanodot coverages for Cu and Fe systems on LCMO films. (d) Magnetoresistive behavior shows a much higher magnetic response in the spin coupled system. Figure 8 Comparison of transport properties with different Fe nanodot density. Resistive data for an ultrathin LCMO film after application of low density Fe nanodots shows recovery of the metal-insulator transition but with a much lower transition temperature than that seen at higher nanodot densities [75]. Origin of EPS in perovskite manganite Epigenetics activator nanostructures EPS as an inherent electronic inhomogeneity has been observed in real space with atomic-scale resolution in the perovskite manganites, which is generally regarded to be crucial for the CMR effect. This greatly stimulates a growing and theoretical interest in the EPS of perovskite manganite nanostructures. Now, the main theoretical approaches developed for investigating the EPS in perovskite manganite nanostructures can be classified into two categories, namely, approaches based on the model Hamiltonians and phenomenological theory. Dagotto and colleagues have developed one-orbital FM Kondo model and two-orbital model with Jahn-Teller phonons to investigate the EPS phenomenon in one-dimensional manganites [58, 87–89].