Paper discs with test compounds were placed on agar surface at proper distance. The plates with test compound discs were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each

compound was determined by observing the zone of inhibition around each disc. The title compounds are screened for antibacterial BMS-777607 supplier activity by employing paper disc method. The bacterial strains used are S. aureus (Gram +ve) and E. coli (Gram −ve). The substituted 4,5-dihydro-4-oxothieno[3, 2-c]quinolines revealed considerably good antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains. Of them, 3-amino-4,5-dihydro-5-ethyl-4-oxothieno[3,2-c]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (2d) exhibited most promising antibacterial activity against S. aureus at 4 μg/disc concentration and against E. coli at 200 μg/disc concentration. Antibacterial activity associated with the title compounds was evaluated by comparing with the standard antibiotic drug, ciprofloxacin, which is active on Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacteria. Surprisingly many of these novel heterocyclic

compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus (Gram +ve), but did not show any activity against E. coli (Gram −ve) even at 200 μg/disc concentration. Solvents employed in the present investigation were tested for antibacterial activity and found Selleckchem Trametinib to be inactive on both the bacteria. Many crystal structures are available in PDB for S. aureus DNA Gyrase (PDB IDs – 2XCO, 2XCQ, 2XCR, 2XCS, 2XCT), one of which has Ciprofloxacin as the co-crystallized ligand (2XCT) with a resolution of 3.35 Å. We considered a high resolution Thiamine-diphosphate kinase (2.1 Å) crystal structure of S. aureus DNA Gyrase for our studies, but the active site data was taken from 2XCT (Ciprofloxacin binding site). The residue Ser1084 was found to be the key residue of the active site which makes a hydrogen bond with Ciprofloxacin. The protein was prepared for docking study using the Protein Preparation Wizard of Maestro. Water molecules were removed, Hydrogen were added and the protein was minimized (only Hydrogen) using OPLS 2001 force field ( Fig. 2). The synthesized compounds were constructed and prepared for docking using the Ligprep

Protocol of Maestro. Ligand minimization was done using OPLS 2005 Force field. The minimized protein and ligands were uploaded to GOLD 3.2 for docking. The active site radius was set to 10 Å form the atom number 4158, the oxygen atom of the active site residue Ser1084, which forms hydrogen bond with Ciprofloxacin. All the default values for annealing parameters (van der Waals = 4.0, H-Bonding = 2.5) and Genetic Algorithm Parameters (Population Size = 100, Selection Pressure = 1.1, No. of operations = 10,000, No. of Islands = 5, Niche Size = 2, Migrate = 10, Mutate = 95, Crossover = 95) of GOLD were used for docking (Fig. 2). Four title compounds (Fig. 1, 1a–d) were tested and the results are included in Table 2. All of them were active against S.