The following institutes provided support: the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
(NIAMS), the National Institute www.selleckchem.com/products/eft-508.html on Aging (NIA), the National Cancer for Research Resources (NCRR), and the NIH SC79 in vitro Roadmap for Medical Research under the following grant numbers—U01 AR45580, U01 AR45614, U01 AR45632, U01 AR45647, U01 AR45654, U01 AR45583, U01 AG18197, UO1-AG027810, and UL1 RR024140. The funding institutes had no role in the collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Conflicts of interest T.-T. Dam, S. Harrison, H. Fink, and J. Ramsdell had no financial support while E. Barrett-Connor had consulting contracts and research support from Eli Lilly and Company and Merck and Company. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. References 1. Minino AM, Heron MP, Smith BL (2006) Deaths: preliminary data for 2004. Natl Vital Stat Rep 54:1–49 2. Incalzi RA, Caradonna P, Ranieri P, Basso S, Fuso L, Pagano F, Ciappi G, Pistelli R (2000) Correlates of osteoporosis in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. Respir Med 94:1079–1084CrossRefPubMed 3. Iqbal F, Michaelson J, Thaler L, Rubin J, Roman J, Nanes MS (1999) Declining bone mass in men with chronic pulmonary disease: contribution
of glucocorticoid treatment, body STAT inhibitor mass index, and gonadal function. LY294002 in vitro Chest 116:1616–1624CrossRefPubMed 4. Shane E, Silverberg SJ, Donovan D, Papadopoulos A, Staron RB, Addesso V, Jorgesen B, McGregor C, Schulman L (1996) Osteoporosis in lung transplantation candidates with end-stage pulmonary disease. Am J Med 101:262–269CrossRefPubMed 5. Blank JB, Cawthon PM, Carrion-Petersen ML, Harper L, Johnson JP, Mitson E, Delay RR (2005) Overview of recruitment for the osteoporotic fractures in men study (MrOS). Contemp Clin Trials 26:557–568CrossRefPubMed 6. Orwoll E, Blank JB, Barrett-Connor E, Cauley J, Cummings S, Ensrud K, Lewis C, Cawthon PM, Marcus R, Marshall LM, McGowan J, Phipps K, Sherman S, Stefanick ML, Stone K (2005) Design and baseline characteristics of the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study—a large observational study of the determinants of fracture in older men. Contemp Clin Trials 26:569–585CrossRefPubMed 7. Washburn RA, Ficker JL (1999) Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): the relationship with activity measured by a portable accelerometer. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 39:336–340PubMed 8. Cummings SR, Bates D, Black DM (2002) Clinical use of bone densitometry: scientific review. JAMA 288:1889–1897CrossRefPubMed 9. Kanis JA (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report.