These findings suggest that TbTRF is probably the unknown endogenous telomeric factor, which resembles the function of mammalian TRF2 at parasite telomeres [24]. The functions of LaTRF at Leishmania telomeres remain to be determined. Conclusions In this report we describe the characterization of the Leishmania TRF homologue and show that it is the largest TRF protein homologue described so far. This protein contains a canonical C-terminal

Myb-like DNA binding domain as well as a putative and less conserved TRFH dimerization domain [30]. In addition, LaTRF is expressed exclusively in the nucleus and like its vertebrate and trypanosome counterparts, binds to parasite telomeres in vitro and in vivo. It CFTR modulator can also co-localize with parasite telomeres, despite being spread all over the nucleoplasm in most cells, suggesting that LaTRF may play additional cellular roles beyond its possible telomeric function. Methods Parasite cultures L. amazonensis promastigotes (MHOM/BR/73/M2269) were grown in M199 medium (Cultilab) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Cultilab), 25 mM HEPES and 1 × antibiotic/antimycotic solution (Cultilab) at 28°C. Isolation of L. amazonensis genomic see more DNA and learn more cloning of the LaTRF gene Total genomic

DNA of L. amazonensis was prepared as previously described [31]. LaTRF was cloned using a PCR-based strategy. Primers were designed based on the putative sequence LM16.2.Contig67 from L. major (GeneDB_Lmajor LmjF18.1250) for amplification of the complete LaTRF open reading frame (ORF) (See additional file 2: Table S1). The PCR product spanning the entire L. amazonensis

TRF ORF (2,391 bp) was obtained by using the primers F1 and R1 and 1U of Platinum Taq (Invitrogen) followed by cloning into the pCR® 2.1 cloning vector (Invitrogen). The PCR product was sequenced using specific primers and primers from the Dichloromethane dehalogenase vector (See additional file 2: Table S1). The primers F1 and R1 contained restriction sites for NdeI and XhoI (See additional file 2: Table S1) to allow further cloning of the gene in-frame with a N-terminal 6× His-tag into plasmid pET-28a+ (Novagen). Amino acid sequence alignments were done with blastp, bl2seq, cds http://​blast.​ncbi.​nlm.​nih.​gov/​Blast.​cgi and ClustalW http://​www.​ebi.​ac.​uk/​clustalw/​ using default parameters. The sequences used for these analyses were: hTRF2 (GenBank acc. no. Q15554), hTRF1 (GenBank acc. no. P54274.2), TbTRF (GenBank acc. no. AY910010), putative LmTRF (TrEMBL acc. no. Q4QDR7, GeneDB_Lmajor LmjF18.1250), TcTRF (GenBank acc. no. XP_819954.1), LiTRF (GenBank acc. no. XP_001464939.1) and LbTRF (GenBank acc. no. XP_001564056.1). The L. amazonensis LaTRF gene sequence was submitted to GenBank and is available under the accession number EF559263. Construction of an LaTRF deletion mutant (LaTRF Myb ) To verify the existence of a Myb-like DNA-binding domain at the C-terminus of the protein, a deletion mutant was constructed.