76 (95% CI: 1.13, 68.09) for PBF and MBF, respectively] and with the “”previous 7 d” definition [2.04 (95% CI: 1.11, 3.77) and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.72) for PBF and MBF, respectively]. The adverse effect of MBF on LRTI visits was weaker, reaching borderline significance only by the “”ever since birth” definition during the 43-91-d interval (IRR: 1.91; 95% CI: 0.99, 3.67).

Conclusion: Early EBF is associated with a significant reduction in sick clinic visits, especially those due to diarrhea. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1375-82.”
“A novel layered double hydroxide/NaSb(OH)(6)-based nanocomposite

(Sb-LDH) has been prepared via intercalation of thio-antimonite (SbS33-) and reconstruction LOXO-101 of LDH using Mg-Al LDH as precursors. It is composed of LDH nanolayers with thickness of 25 nm and NaSb(OH)(6) nanoparticles with diameter of 3-25 nm. The presence of NaSb(OH)(6) will decrease the decomposition intensity and hinder the decomposition of Mg-Al LDH because of the potential

synergetic effect. When applied to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites, both Mg-Al LDH and Sb-LDH can enhance the thermal stability and increase the decomposition temperature of PVC. Compared with Mg-Al LDH, Sb-LDH results in higher decomposition temperatures and whiteness and higher initial and long-term stabilities due to the presence of NaSb(OH)(6), Which Call read With HCl and coordinate with Cl in the PVC chains. Because Mg-Al LDH Will accelerate the dehydrochlorination of PVC driving by the Lewis Z-IETD-FMK mouse acid Such as AlCl3, the thermal stability of Wnt inhibitor PVC decreases with increasing nanofiller loading. When 1 wt % Sb-LDH Was added, the color change time and Congo red time of PVC composites are 140 min and 154 min, respectively. With enhanced thermal stabilization,

this novel LDH nanocomposite could gain promising application in thermal stabilizer for PVC resins. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 1977-1984, 2010″
“Background Human genomes harbor copy number variants (CNVs), which are regions of DNA gains or losses. Although pathogenic CNVs are associated with congenital heart disease (CHD), their effect on clinical outcomes is unknown. This study sought to determine whether pathogenic CNVs among infants with single ventricle physiology were associated with inferior neurocognitive and somatic growth outcomes.

Methods and Results Genomic DNAs from 223 subjects of 2 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored randomized clinical trials in infants with single ventricle CHD and 270 controls from The Cancer Genome Atlas project were analyzed for rare CNVs >300 kb using array comparative genomic hybridization. Neurocognitive and growth outcomes at 14 months from the CHD trials were compared among subjects with and without pathogenic CNVs. Putatively pathogenic CNVs, comprising 25 duplications and 6 deletions, had a prevalence of 13.9%, significantly greater than the 4.4% rate of such CNVs among controls.

Oxygen limitation was responsible for a significant microbial shift in SBR treating LFPS. (C) 2009 Society of SBE-β-CD chemical structure Chemical Industry”
“Objectives: To present initial experience with a new modular transfemoral multibranched stent graft for treating aortic arch aneurysms.

Methods: Six patients, considered high risk for open surgery, were treated with custom made branched stent grafts. All patients had a staged left carotid subclavian bypass before the endovascular

procedure. Each branched graft had a 12 mm side branch for the innominate artery and an 8 mm side branch for the left common carotid artery.

Results: Four patients out of six had uneventful placement of the prostheses, with successful exclusion of their aneurysms. One patient

developed a type I endoleak that was managed successfully NF-��B inhibitor with coiling and gluing of the aneurysm sac. In one patient, cannulation of the innominate branch was unsuccessful and an extra-anatomic bypass was necessary to perfuse the right carotid and vertebral arteries. This patient developed a stroke, while one more suffered a right cerebellar infarct.

Conclusion: We have demonstrated the technical feasibility of a modular transfemoral branched stem graft for treatment of aortic arch aneurysms. The method is relatively safe based on initial experience. More cases and long-term follow up are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this new device. (C) 2012 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of reviewThe purpose of the review is to update the reader on the long anticipated Obesity 2, the second iteration of Clinical Guidelines

on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: the Evidence Report’.Recent findingsObesity 2 maintains a focus on primary care practitioners and their patients in an effort to reduce cardiovascular risk. Just as Obesity 1 limited the literature review to the years 1980-1997, Obesity 2 limits the literature under consideration from 1999 to 2011. However, because of the painstaking methodology employed, the scope of the Obesity 2 is of necessity more limited with five critical questions. These deal check details with risks of overweight and obesity, benefits of weight loss and evaluate three treatment areas – diet, behavioral therapies and surgical therapies. The critical questions inform recommendations in these same areas.SummaryAlthough not comprehensive in scope, the guidance offered in Obesity 2 is backed by stringent approaches to limit bias and assuring rigor, thus producing recommendations one can trust in the areas covered.”
“Despite mechanical reperfusion, the outcome is still unsatisfactory in elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

A better understanding of toxin-regulated gene expression would be helpful to identify safe levels of exposure and could eventually be the basis for establishing guidelines for remediation scenarios following a water intrusion event. In this research, cytokine mRNA

expression patterns were investigated in the human BEZ235 chemical structure monocytic THP-1 cell line exposed to fungal extracts of various fragment sizes obtained from Stachybotrys chartarum RTI 5802 and/or Aspergillus versicolor RTI 3843, two common and well-studied mycotoxin producing fungi. Cytokine mRNA expression was generally upregulated 210 times following a 24 h exposure to fungal extracts. Expression of the proinflammatory interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-a genes increased while the anti-inflammatory gene interleukin-10 also increased albeit at very low level, suggesting that negative feedback regulation mechanism of production of proinflammatory cytokines initiated upon 24 h of incubation. In addition, submicron size extracts of A. versicolor caused significant death of THP-1 cells, whereas extracts of S. chartarum caused no cell death while the mixture of the two fungi had an intermediate effect. There was no general correlation between LY2835219 manufacturer gene expression and fragment sizes, which suggests that all submicron fragments may contribute to inflammatory response. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.”
“Background

Amniotomy

or artificial rupture of membranes is routinely used

for induction of labour.

Aims

To assess the efficacy of amniotomy alone for induction.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive study of 3,586 cases of amniotomy for induction of labour between July 1996 and December 1999.

Results

In total, 26,670 women delivered in the National Maternity Hospital during the study period. Blebbistatin research buy Of these 4,928 women required induction of labour and 72.8% of these (n = 3,586) underwent amniotomy only for induction of labour. Spontaneous labour occurred in 90.1% of the women who underwent amniotomy within 24 h. Oxytocin as an induction agent was employed in 9.8% of cases. Overall, 80.5% of the women had a spontaneous delivery, 7.3% had a ventouse delivery, 4.3% had a forceps delivery, and 7.9% underwent a caesarean section. In total, 90.5% of multips and 63.4% of primips had a spontaneous vaginal delivery.

Conclusions

Amniotomy is a simple, safe and effective method of induction of labour.”
“Aims

The purpose of this study was to review indications, source of haemorrhage, method of embolisation and clinical outcome in patients referred to Interventional Radiology for the emergency management of acute arterial haemorrhage.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients undergoing emergency percutaneous embolisation over 4 years. Clinical details, computed tomographic findings, embolisation procedure details and clinical outcome are outlined.

Results: The mean operating time was 91.66 min. The average hospital stay was 2.4 days. The Foley catheter was removed after 3 weeks. The mean Q(max) preoperatively and postoperatively was 5.5 +/- 1.87 and 18.83 +/- 2.04 ml/s, respectively. Our mean follow-up was 18.5 +/- 6.92 (6-32) months. Conclusions: Our hybrid technique

provides good short-term results while promoting minimal urethral mobilization and graft vascularity. LY3023414 inhibitor Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ are involved in the regulation of steroidogenic activity in Leydig cells, which coordinate responses to luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). However, the identification of Ca2+ entry implicated in Leydig cell steroidogenesis is not well defined. The objective of this study was to identify the type of Ca2+ channel that affects Leydig cell steroidogenesis. In vitro steroidogenesis in the freshly dissociated Leydig cells of mice was induced by hCG incubation. The effects of mibefradil (a putative T-type

Ca2+ channel blocker) on steroidogenesis were assessed using reverse NU7026 transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction analysis for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA expression and testosterone production using radioimmunoassay. In the presence of 1.0 mmol L-1 extracellular Ca2+, hCG at 1 to 100 IU noticeably elevated both StAR mRNA level and testosterone secretion (P < 0.05), and the stimulatory effects of hCG were markedly diminished by mibefradil in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Moreover, the hCG-induced increase

in testosterone production was completely removed when external Ca2+ was omitted, implying that Ca2+ entry is needed for hCG-induced steroidogenesis. Furthermore, a patch-clamp study revealed the presence of mibefradil-sensitive Ca2+ currents seen at a concentration learn more range that nearly paralleled those inhibiting steroidogenesis. Collectively, our data provide evidence that hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis is mediated at least in part by Ca2+ entry carried out by the T-type Ca2+ channel in the Leydig cells of mice.”
“The impact of fusel oil addition on volatile compounds formation in papaya wine fermented with yeast Williopsis saturnus var. mrakii NCYC2251 was studied with a view to enhancing papaya wine aroma production. Time-course papaya juice fermentations were carried out using W. saturnus var. mrakii NCYC2251 with fusel oil added (0, 0.1 and 0.5% v/v). Fermentation characteristics in terms of yeast growth, Brix and pH changes were similar for all fermentations except for those added with 0.5% (v/v) fusel oil. The addition of 0.5% (v/v) fusel oil inhibited yeast growth. A wide range of volatile compounds were produced during fermentation including acids, alcohols, esters and aldehydes with esters being the most abundant volatile compounds produced. The addition of 0.

Different types of stem cells exist that can be cultured in vitro. The identity of the stem cells is marked by their origin and differentiation potential. Germ cells have similarities with pluripotent stem cells but are of a special order: They do not self-renew and are already differentiated, but they have the capacity to form

a complete new organism after fertilization. This review focuses on pluripotent stem cells and discusses possibilities of generating pluripotent stem cells from germ cell precursors and possibilities of generating germ cells from stem cells. As it accompanies a plenary lecture at the 15th annual ESDAR Conference 2011, the overview is focused on stem cells from farm animal species and on results

from my own research group.”
“Objective. The dynamics of fetal programming following in utero demise of a co-twin are poorly understood.

Methods. GANT61 clinical trial The authors examined fetal programming using a unique application of the change-point analysis method, and identified two types of fetal programming that occurred when a viable twin sibling died in utero, while the co-twin survived.

Results. In one type, the initial twin fetal programming trajectory was maintained while in a subset of surviving co-twins a “”switch”" from a twin to a singleton fetal program (dual fetal programming exposure) was observed. The results suggest that the timing in utero of conversion selleck products from a twin to a singleton programming pattern occurred slightly earlier among oppositesex than in same-sex surviving co-twins.

Conclusion. For the conversion from a twin to a singleton program to happen, the surviving co-twin must have

attained a “”critical mass”" when the twin sibling died. Whereas, for same-sex surviving co-twins the critical mass for conversion was the 80th percentile of gestational-age JPH203 specific birth weight, opposite-sex surviving co-twins converted at a lower critical mass (70th percentile). These novel findings warrant further study to confirm the new hithertofore unknown phenomenon of dual fetal programming sequence, and to determine the implications in terms of subsequent morbidity or mortality during infancy, childhood and adult life.”
“The diode laser is today widely used in oral pathology to excise lesions; however, some controversy surrounds laser surgery, specifically the accuracy of pathological diagnosis and the control over thermal tissue damage. This study aimed to establish if physical damage induced by the diode laser could affect the histopathological diagnosis and to evaluate the damage caused to the resection margins. Between 2005 and 2010, at S. Gerardo Hospital, Milan, 608 cases of soft tissue lesions localized in the oral cavity (cheek, gingiva, buccal mucosa, tongue, and lips) were examined. Specimens were excised with an 808-nm diode laser, output 1.6-2.7 W, in continuous-wave mode with fibers of 320 mu m.

Assessing glycaemic index (GI) (the ranking of foods by effects on postprandial blood glucose levels) and glycaemic load (GL) (the product of mean GI and the total carbohydrate content of a meal) will be a central part of the Canadian tDNA and complement nutrition therapy by facilitating glycaemic control using specific food selections. This component can also enhance other metabolic interventions, such as reducing the need for antihyperglycaemic medication and improving the effectiveness of weight loss programs. This tDNA strategy will be adapted to the cultural specificities of

the Canadian population and incorporated into the tDNA validation methodology.”
“Though the replacement of European bees by Africanized honey bees in tropical America has attracted considerable attention, little is known about the temporal changes in morphological and genetic VX-809 research buy characteristics in these bee populations.

We examined the changes in the morphometric and genetic profiles of an Africanized honey bee population collected near where the original African swarms escaped, after 34 years of Africanization. Workers from colonies sampled in 1968 and in 2002 were morphometrically analyzed using relative warps analysis and an Automatic Bee Identification System (ABIS). All the colonies had their mitochondrial DNA identified. The subspecies that mixed to form the Africanized learn more honey bees were used as a comparison for the morphometric analysis. The two morphometric approaches showed great similarity of Africanized bees with the African subspecies, Apis mellifera scutellata, corroborating with other markers. We also found the population of 1968 to have the pattern of wing venation to be more similar to A. m. scutellata than the current

population. The mitochondrial DNA of European origin, which was very common in the 1968 population, was not found in the current population, indicating selective pressure replacing the European with the African genome in this tropical region. Both morphometric PP2 ic50 methodologies were very effective in discriminating the A. mellifera groups; the non-linear analysis of ABIS was the most successful in identifying the bees, with more than 94% correct classifications.”
“Study Design. A prospective randomized clinical study.

Objective. To compare the clinical outcomes of open-door and French-door laminoplasties.

Summary of Background Data. Expansive laminoplasty for cervical compressive myelopathy is well established and a variety of modifications procedures have been developed. The procedures are mainly classified into open-door and French-door. It has never been prospectively investigated as to which surgical procedure, open-door or French-door laminoplasty, results in a more favorable outcome.

Methods. After informed consent was obtained from 40 patients, they were randomized into 2 surgical groups A and B.

We present evidence that ferritins do not constitute the major iron pool either in seeds for seedling development or in leaves for proper functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus. Loss of ferritins in vegetative and reproductive organs resulted in sensitivity to excess iron, as shown by reduced growth and strong defects in flower development. Furthermore, the absence Mdm2 inhibitor of ferritin led to a strong deregulation of expression of several metal transporters genes in the stalk, over-accumulation of iron in reproductive organs, and a decrease in fertility. Finally, we show that, in the absence of ferritin, plants have higher

levels of reactive oxygen species, and increased activity of enzymes involved in their detoxification.

Seed germination also showed higher Lazertinib sensitivity to pro-oxidant treatments. Arabidopsis ferritins are therefore essential to protect cells against oxidative damage.”
“Cardiovascular complications are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and insulin resistance. Complications include pathologies specific to large (atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy) and small (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) vessels. Common among all of these pathologies is an altered endothelial cell phenotype i.e., endothelial dysfunction. A crucial aspect of endothelial dysfunction is reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines are systemic disturbances in individuals with obesity, T2DM, and insulin resistance and each of these contribute independently and synergistically to decreasing NO bioavailability. This review will examine the contribution from elevated circulating fatty acids in these subjects that lead to lipotoxicity. Particular selleck chemical focus will be placed on the fatty acid metabolite ceramide.”
“The

plant genome contains a large number of disease resistance (R) genes that have evolved through diverse mechanisms. Here, we report that a long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon contributed to the evolution of the rice blast resistance gene Pit. Pit confers race-specific resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, and is a member of the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) family of R genes. Compared with the non-functional allele Pit(Npb), the functional allele Pit(K59) contains four amino acid substitutions, and has the LTR retrotransposon Renovator inserted upstream. Pathogenesis assays using chimeric constructs carrying the various regions of Pit(K59) and Pit(Npb) suggest that amino acid substitutions might have a potential effect in Pit resistance; more importantly, the upregulated promoter activity conferred by the Renovator sequence is essential for Pit function.

Study design: Prospective

study.

Patients: SGA neonates <36 weeks born with antenatally diagnosed A/REDF formed cases. Those with normal Doppler formed controls. Primary outcomes were feed intolerance and NEC. Peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity (EDV), time-averaged mean velocity, pulsatility index and resistive index (RI) were Selleckchem GDC-0994 measured in SMA Doppler done postnatally on days 1 and 5.

Results: Fifty neonates were enrolled in each group. Gestation, birth weight, gender and Apgar scores were comparable. Feed intolerance rate was similar (A/REDF: 26% versus controls: 20%, p 0.48), NEC was commoner in A/REDF group (32% versus 4%, p < 0.001). Baseline SMA Doppler indices were similar; RI on day 1 was higher in babies with A/REDF [5.4 (IQR 3.3, 7.3)] who developed NEC compared to controls [3.3 (IQR 1.7, 3.9)], (p 0.049). RI of 3.63 on day 1 had only a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 57% in predicting NEC in A/REDF group (area under curve (AUC) 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.79, p = 0.25). Similarly, EDV of 8.7 cm/s had only a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 60% for the prediction of NEC (AUC of 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47-0.81, p = 0.16).

Conclusions: Postnatal SMA Doppler indices do not predict feed intolerance and NEC in preterm SGA babies with A/REDF.”
“P>Background

and objective:

Different clinical and surgical factors can influence the occurrence of anesthesiologic complications in pediatric neurosurgery. Preoperative knowledge Staurosporine ic50 of these factors is of great importance in the application of safe anesthetics and a favorable surgical outcome. The objective was to establish the importance of clinical and surgical risk factors on the frequency of anesthesia complications in pediatric neurosurgery.

Data and method:

The research, from 1996 to 2000, involved 705 children, aged from < 1 year to 15 years, who underwent surgery for elective neurosurgical pathology and severe

head injuries. We analysed the influence that: age, the preoperative neurologic diagnosis, the urgency of the operation, additional disorders, the surgical position, and the duration of anesthesia had on the frequency of anesthesia complications. To test the statistical relevance and to confirm the hypothesis, Sapitinib datasheet the Pearson’s chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used.

Results:

Anesthesia complications (cardiovascular, respiratory, air embolism, allergic reactions) were present in 68/705 (9.6%) patients. Their frequency was statistically greater in children for whom the surgery was > 240 min, who were in the sitting position and when comorbidity was evident. Neither age nor the urgency of the operation or reoperation had any significant influence on the occurrence of anesthetic complications.

All rights reserved.”
“Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas (PCLBCL) have historically been a matter of debate in the literature. The 2005 World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) classification scheme segregated cutaneous B-cell lymphomas into 3 groups: primary MDV3100 inhibitor cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma, and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCDLBCL), “”leg type”" (PCDLBCL-LT). Additionally,

the WHO-EORTC classification scheme utilized the term PCLBCL “”other”" not otherwise specified (NOS) type for rare cases of PCLBCL not belonging to either the “”leg type”" or the primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma group. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the histomorphologic features of 79 cases of PCDLBCLs, including those of “”leg type”" and “”other”" NOS type, to further categorize the histologic spectrum of these unusual cutaneous neoplasms. The histologic ICG-001 diagnosis of PCLBCL usually poses little diagnostic difficulty; however, some cases may adopt unusual or unfamiliar appearances mimicking other lymphoproliferative disorders or

other malignant neoplasms. Seventy-nine cases, occurring in 37 men and 42 women, aged 34-94 years, were analyzed. Fifty-three cases were classified as “”leg type” and 26 cases were classified as “”other” NOS type using the WHO-EORTC classification. Of the 53 cases classified as “”leg type,”" 33 were women and 20 were men; of the 26 cases of “”other” NOS type, 9 were

women and 17 were men. In the “”leg type” category, 31 cases were located on the lower extremities, 5 cases on the face, 5 cases on the arm, 3 cases on the chest, 2 cases on the shoulder, 2 cases on the back, 1 case on the trunk, 1 case on the buttock, 1 case on the supraclavicular area, 1 case on the head, and 1 case on the flank. Of the “”other” NOS type category, 8 cases were Epigenetics inhibitor located on the face, 5 cases on the shoulder, 3 cases on the head, 2 cases on the abdomen, 2 cases on the chest, 1 case on the trunk, 1 on the vulva, 1 on the axilla, 1 on the back, 1 on the neck, and 1 on the hip. Most cases assessed showed the classic morphologic appearance of PCDLBCL, but cases mimicking Burkitt lymphoma (starry-sky pattern), natural killer-cell (NK) lymphoma, mycosis fungoides (epidermotropism), low-grade B-cell lymphomas, epithelial malignancies, and Merkel cell carcinoma were encountered in this series. The high frequency of these rare histologic patterns can be explained by a bias associated with consultation practice. Careful histologic examination and immunohistochemical stains were used to establish the correct diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of PCDLBCL is broad and difficult to define histologically. Knowledge of these rare histologic variants is necessary to avoid misinterpretation of these cases as nonlymphoid malignancies.

The association found between reactions to FM1 and HICC is also commonly reported and could represent a concomitant sensitization following increased exposure to fragrance allergens. These data confirm the importance of HICC introduction in the baseline patch test series.”
“Aim: For decades, monophasic square wave pulses have been used for intravesical

electrical stimulation (IVES) in diagnosis and treatment Dinaciclib of lower urinary tract dysfunction. The use of other waveforms, more preferred by patients or more effective for neural stimulation, has hardly been studied before. This study compares the effect of several waveforms and derived parameters in IVES. Methods: IVES, performed in eight female Sprague-Dawley rats, was given for 300 sec with constant frequency (10 Hz) and current amplitude (6 mA) with unipolar square, biphasic square, asymmetric biphasic square, double square, unipolar exponential rise, biphasic exponential rise, and double-exponential rise wavepulses with different pulse durations (2 x 5msec, 20 msec, or 2 x 20 msec). Bladder pressure was recorded. Average current and average power were calculated. Results: Stimulations with the different

waveforms resulted in the same maximal pressure rise (all P > 0.1). The Pinometostat clinical trial average charge was zero for biphasic waveforms. For exponential rise pulse waveforms the total injected charge was lower than that for the monophasic square pulse waveform. The average power was the highest for biphasic waveforms and the lowest for monophasic double-exponential rise pulses waveform. Conclusions: Charge-balanced waveforms, which

are more preferred by patients, are equally effective in evoking IVES-induced detrusor contraction as monophasic square pulse waveforms. Thus, it can be beneficial in clinical practice to replace the monophasic square pulse waveform for IVES by charge-balanced waveforms. Furthermore, the stimulation power and thus the requested PP2 order energy can be reduced by changing the waveform. This can be important for electrical stimulation using implanted batteries. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 169-173, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Trifid mandibular condyle is an exceedingly rare entity with only 5 cases reported to date. The etiology of the disorder is unknown, though like bifid mandibular condyle, a correlation with prior trauma is usually seen. We present a case of a 6-year-old child who presented with severe restriction of movements at the temporomandibular joint, with a history of trauma 2 years back. Imaging revealed bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with trifid and bifid mandibular condyles.”
“OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients with psychological problems.